Security Sector Reform
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چکیده
For 26 years, from 1960 until 1996 and the signing of the Accord for a “Firm and Lasting Peace”, Guatemala was the setting of one of the bloodiest of Latin America’s Cold War armed conflicts. During this period, a national security doctrine militarized the state. The last provision of the Peace Accord in Guatemala, the ‘Agreement on the Strengthening of Civilian Power and on the Role of the Armed Forces in a Democratic Society’, signed by the government of Alvaro Arzú and the URNG, publicly acknowledged the institutional weakness of the public security system which contributed to the conditions for civil war, and provided the blue print for security sector reform in Guatemala. It is within this detailed, comprehensive, and often noted “overly-ambitious” framework that Guatemala has undertaken the task of reforming its security apparatus, with one of the major aims of subordinating the military to civilian authority and control (Jones, 2000, p. 147). In May 1999, in a referendum in which only one out of every five citizens voted, the constitutional reform project—the backbone of the peace accords— which contained some key ingredients for successful SSR, was defeated. Since the signing of the peace, there have been substantial changes in the security apparatus, but the military continues to play a significant role in Guatemalan society, and other security institutions remain weak and often inefficient. The Government faces the enormous challenge of how to efficiently and democratically address the chronic violence that continues to envelop and destabilize Guatemala’s fragile democracy.
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